Shopping on line can be easy, simple and save you lots of money. It can also take a lot of your time, frustrate you, and result in unwanted purchases. Now the same can be said for regular high street shopping, but with the vast opportunity presented by the Internet it will pay you to spend a few minutes reading this and understanding how to better optimize your Chemist shopping experience:
1. Compare - without doubt the biggest advantage that the Chemist offers shoppers today is the ability to compare thousands of Chemist at a time. This is a great thing, but not necessarily all the time! Too much can be daunting at times so take advantage of the great comparison sites and where possible let them do the hard work for you.
2. Research - if it has been said it will be on the internet. Ignorance is no longer a justifiable reason for buying the wrong thing. Take the time to research in detail everything that you could possible want to know about
3. Testimonials - don't know anybody that has bought a Chemist? Wrong! If the Chemist is good the internet will let you know. Use the Internet as a friend and get testimonials before you buy.
4. Questions - Got a question about Chemist then search the Forums, FAQ's, Blogs etc. Don't be afraid to ask .....
5. Reputation - Never heard of the company selling Chemist? Don't worry, no reason why you should know every company in the world, but you know someone that does! Use the internet to find out what people are saying about Chemist and build up a picture of their reputation for sales, returns, customer service, delivery etc.
6. Returns - still worried that even after all of the above your Chemist wont be what you want? Check out the returns policy. There is so much competition now that someone, somewhere is bound to offer the terms that you are comfortable with.
7. Feedback - happy with your Chemist then let people know, after all you are depending on others people input in your buying decision, so why not give a little back.
8. Security - check for the yellow padlock on the Chemist site before you buy, and the s after http:/ /i.e. https:// = a secure site
9. Contact - got a question about Chemist, or want to leave a comment then check out the sites contact page. Reputable companies have them and respond.
10. Payment - ready to pay for your Chemist, then use your credit card or PayPal! Be aware of companies that don't accept them, there may be genuine reasons but given the huge amount of choice you have when buying online there is no reason at all not to buy via credit card or PayPal.
.
A
chemist is a
scientist trained in the
science of
chemistry. Chemists study the composition of matter and its small-scale properties such as density and acidity instead of large-scale properties like size and shape. Chemists carefully describe the properties they study in terms of quantities, with detail on the level of
molecules and their component
atoms. Chemists carefully measure substance proportions,
Chemical reaction rates, and other
chemical properties.
Chemists use this knowledge to learn the composition, structure, chemical reactivity, and properties of unfamiliar substances, as well as to reproduce and synthesize large quantities of useful naturally occurring substances and create new artificial substances and useful processes. Chemists may specialize in any number of
Chemistry#Subdisciplines of chemistry.
Materials science and metallurgists share much of the same education and skills with chemists.
Chemical engineers are concerned with the physical processes necessary to carry out industrial reactions (heating, cooling, mixing, diffusion etc) and to separate and purify the products, and work with industrial chemists on the development of new processes.
History
The roots of chemistry can be traced to the phenomenon of
combustion.
Fire was a mystical force that transformed one substance into another and thus was of primary interest to mankind. It was fire that led to the discovery of iron and glass. After gold was discovered and became a precious metal, many people were interested to find a method that could convert other substances into gold. This led to the protoscience called
Alchemy. The word
chemist is derived from the New Latin noun
chimista, an abbreviation of
alchimista (
Alchemy). Alchemists discovered many chemical
processes that led to the development of modern chemistry. Chemistry as we know it today, was invented by
Antoine Lavoisier with his law of
Conservation of mass in 1783. The
discoveries of the chemical elements has a long history culminating in the creation of the
periodic table by
Dmitri Mendeleyev. The
Nobel Prize in Chemistry created in 1901 gives an excellent overview of chemical discovery in the past 100 years.
Education
Jobs for chemists usually require at least a
bachelor's degree, but many positions, especially those in research, require a
Ph.D. Most undergraduate programs emphasize mathematics and
physics as well as chemistry, partly because chemistry is also known as "the central science", thus chemists ought to have an all-rounded knowledge about science. At the
Master's degree level and higher, students tend to specialize in a particular field. Fields of specialization include biochemistry,
organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry,
analytical chemistry, theoretical chemistry,
quantum chemistry and physical chemistry. Post-doctorate experience may be required for certain positions.
Employment
The three major employers of chemists are academic institutions, industry, especially the
chemical industry and the
pharmaceutical industry, and government laboratories.
Chemistry typically is divided into several major sub-disciplines. There are also several main cross-disciplinary and more specialized fields of chemistry. There is a great deal of overlap between different branches of chemistry, as well as with other scientific fields such as biology, medicine, physics, and several engineering disciplines.
- Analytical chemistry is the analysis of material samples to gain an understanding of their chemical composition and structure. Analytical chemistry incorporates standardized experimental methods in chemistry. These methods may be used in all subdisciplines of chemistry, excluding purely theoretical chemistry.
- Biochemistry is the study of the chemical compound, chemical reactions and chemical interactions that take place in living organisms. Biochemistry and organic chemistry are closely related, for example, in medicinal chemistry.
for testing.
- Inorganic chemistry is the study of the properties and reactions of inorganic compounds. The distinction between organic and inorganic disciplines is not absolute and there is much overlap, most importantly in the sub-discipline of organometallic chemistry. Inorganic chemistry is also the study of atomic and molecular structure and bonding.
- Medicinal chemistry is the science involved with designing, synthesizing and developing pharmaceutical drugs. Medicinal chemistry involves the identification, synthesis and development of new chemical entities suitable for therapeutic use. It also includes the study of existing drugs, their biological properties, and their quantitative structure-activity relationships.
- Organic chemistry is the study of the structure, properties, composition, mechanisms, and chemical reaction of organic compounds.
- Physical chemistry is the study of the physical fundamental basis of chemical systems and processes. In particular, the energetics and dynamics of such systems and processes are of interest to physical chemists. Important areas of study include chemical thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, electrochemistry, quantum chemistry, statistical mechanics, and spectroscopy. Physical chemistry has large overlap with theoretical chemistry and molecular physics. Physical chemistry involves the use of calculus in deriving equations.
- Theoretical chemistry is the study of chemistry via theoretical reasoning (usually within mathematics or physics). In particular the application of quantum mechanics to chemistry is called quantum chemistry. Since the end of the second world war, the development of computers has allowed a systematic development of computational chemistry, which is the art of developing and applying computer programs for solving chemical problems. Theoretical chemistry has large overlap with condensed matter physics and molecular physics.See Reductionism.
All the above major areas of chemistry employ chemists. Other fields where chemical degrees are useful include
Astrochemistry,
Atmospheric chemistry,
Chemical Engineering,
Chemo-informatics, Electrochemistry,
Environmental science,
Forensic science, Geochemistry,
Green chemistry,
History of chemistry, Materials science,
Medical science,
Molecular Biology, Molecular genetics,
Nuclear chemistry, Organometallic chemistry, Petrochemistry,
Pharmacology, Photochemistry, Phytochemistry, Polymer chemistry,
Supramolecular chemistry,
Surface chemistry and
nanotechnology.
See also
References
- American Chemical Society website
- Chemical Abstracts Service indexes and abstracts the world's chemistry-related literature and patents
- Chemists and Materials Scientists from the U.S. Department of Labor's Occupational Outlook Handbook
- Royal Society of Chemistry website
- History of Chemistry links for chemists
- Luminaries of the Chemical Sciences accomplishments, biography, and publications from 44 of the most influential chemists
- Selected Classic Papers from the History of Chemistry
- Links for Chemists guide to web sites related to chemistry
.
A
chemist is a
scientist trained in the science of
chemistry. Chemists study the composition of matter and its small-scale properties such as
density and
acidity instead of large-scale properties like size and shape. Chemists carefully describe the properties they study in terms of quantities, with detail on the level of
molecules and their component
atoms. Chemists carefully measure substance proportions,
Chemical reaction rates, and other
chemical properties.
Chemists use this knowledge to learn the composition, structure, chemical reactivity, and properties of unfamiliar substances, as well as to reproduce and synthesize large quantities of useful naturally occurring substances and create new artificial substances and useful processes. Chemists may specialize in any number of
Chemistry#Subdisciplines of chemistry. Materials science and metallurgists share much of the same education and skills with chemists. Chemical engineers are concerned with the physical processes necessary to carry out industrial reactions (heating, cooling, mixing, diffusion etc) and to separate and purify the products, and work with industrial chemists on the development of new processes.
History
The roots of chemistry can be traced to the phenomenon of
combustion.
Fire was a mystical force that transformed one substance into another and thus was of primary interest to mankind. It was fire that led to the discovery of
iron and
glass. After gold was discovered and became a precious metal, many people were interested to find a method that could convert other substances into gold. This led to the protoscience called Alchemy. The word
chemist is derived from the
New Latin noun
chimista, an abbreviation of
alchimista (
Alchemy). Alchemists discovered many chemical processes that led to the development of modern chemistry. Chemistry as we know it today, was invented by
Antoine Lavoisier with his law of Conservation of mass in 1783. The
discoveries of the chemical elements has a long history culminating in the creation of the periodic table by Dmitri Mendeleyev. The
Nobel Prize in Chemistry created in 1901 gives an excellent overview of chemical discovery in the past 100 years.
Education
Jobs for chemists usually require at least a bachelor's degree, but many positions, especially those in research, require a Ph.D. Most undergraduate programs emphasize mathematics and
physics as well as chemistry, partly because chemistry is also known as "the central science", thus chemists ought to have an all-rounded knowledge about science. At the
Master's degree level and higher, students tend to specialize in a particular field. Fields of specialization include
biochemistry, organic chemistry,
inorganic chemistry, analytical chemistry, theoretical chemistry, quantum chemistry and physical chemistry. Post-doctorate experience may be required for certain positions.
Employment
The three major employers of chemists are academic institutions, industry, especially the chemical industry and the
pharmaceutical industry, and government laboratories.
Chemistry typically is divided into several major sub-disciplines. There are also several main cross-disciplinary and more specialized fields of chemistry. There is a great deal of overlap between different branches of chemistry, as well as with other scientific fields such as biology, medicine, physics, and several engineering disciplines.
- Analytical chemistry is the analysis of material samples to gain an understanding of their chemical composition and structure. Analytical chemistry incorporates standardized experimental methods in chemistry. These methods may be used in all subdisciplines of chemistry, excluding purely theoretical chemistry.
- Biochemistry is the study of the chemical compound, chemical reactions and chemical interactions that take place in living organisms. Biochemistry and organic chemistry are closely related, for example, in medicinal chemistry.
for testing.
- Inorganic chemistry is the study of the properties and reactions of inorganic compounds. The distinction between organic and inorganic disciplines is not absolute and there is much overlap, most importantly in the sub-discipline of organometallic chemistry. Inorganic chemistry is also the study of atomic and molecular structure and bonding.
- Medicinal chemistry is the science involved with designing, synthesizing and developing pharmaceutical drugs. Medicinal chemistry involves the identification, synthesis and development of new chemical entities suitable for therapeutic use. It also includes the study of existing drugs, their biological properties, and their quantitative structure-activity relationships.
- Organic chemistry is the study of the structure, properties, composition, mechanisms, and chemical reaction of organic compounds.
- Physical chemistry is the study of the physical fundamental basis of chemical systems and processes. In particular, the energetics and dynamics of such systems and processes are of interest to physical chemists. Important areas of study include chemical thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, electrochemistry, quantum chemistry, statistical mechanics, and spectroscopy. Physical chemistry has large overlap with theoretical chemistry and molecular physics. Physical chemistry involves the use of calculus in deriving equations.
All the above major areas of chemistry employ chemists. Other fields where chemical degrees are useful include Astrochemistry,
Atmospheric chemistry, Chemical Engineering,
Chemo-informatics,
Electrochemistry,
Environmental science,
Forensic science,
Geochemistry,
Green chemistry, History of chemistry,
Materials science,
Medical science,
Molecular Biology, Molecular genetics, Nuclear chemistry, Organometallic chemistry,
Petrochemistry, Pharmacology,
Photochemistry,
Phytochemistry, Polymer chemistry, Supramolecular chemistry,
Surface chemistry and nanotechnology.
See also
- List of chemistry topics
- List of chemists
- List of important publications in chemistry
- List of scientific journals in chemistry
- :Category:Chemistry societies
References
- American Chemical Society website
- Chemical Abstracts Service indexes and abstracts the world's chemistry-related literature and patents
- Chemists and Materials Scientists from the U.S. Department of Labor's Occupational Outlook Handbook
- Royal Society of Chemistry website
- History of Chemistry links for chemists
- Luminaries of the Chemical Sciences accomplishments, biography, and publications from 44 of the most influential chemists
- Selected Classic Papers from the History of Chemistry
- Links for Chemists guide to web sites related to chemistry
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